The metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic subjects in Gorgan, Iran

Objective: To assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in subjects diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in Gorgan, Iran.Methods: Data were collected from 200 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and they were categorized aswith or without the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel-III(ATP-III) guidelines.Results: The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 51.50%. The mean age of all the subjects was53.65±9.50 years. There were 122 females and 78 males of whom 65 females and 38 males had the metabolic syndrome. The mean uration of diabetes was 7.70±1.29 years. Mean triglycerides were 185.15±56.63 mg/dl,and fasting blood glucose 153 ±19.6 mg/dl. These levels were significantly higher in the subjects with type-2diabetes with metabolic syndrome, but the mean HDL-cholesterol was 37.96±5.09 mg/dl and this was lower (p<0.001). Female and male subjects with metabolic syndrome had significantly longer (except HDL-cholesterol)duration of diabetes, higher Triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Females were more affected than males

Serum level of fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome

Effect of FGF21 on metabolic syndrome patients is not exactly clear. In the present study, we assessed serum level of fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome in Gorgan. The study groups consisted of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes and 60 healthy subjects. Diabetic patients divided into two groups. All subjects were matched according to age and sex. The mean waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels and body mass index were significantly higher in the subjects with metabolic syndrome than control group, but the mean HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower (p = 0.0001). Mean serum level of FGF21 was higher in type 2 diabetic subjects with and without metabolic syndrome than that of control subject (p = 0.0001). There were significant negative correlation between FGF21 and BMI, diastolic blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol in subjects with metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). There were also significant negative correlation between FGF21 and cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in control group (p<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that serum FGF21 are higher in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without metabolic syndrome than in age and sex matched control group. Our study shows that some of metabolic syndrome components (especially HDL-cholesterol) are associated with high serum FGF21 levels. Because of different effects of FGF21 in rodents, primates and in humans, it may require more investigating on metabolic effects of FGF21 in human's samples. © 2015, Asian Network for Scientific Information. All rights reserved

The association between Metabolic Syndrome and serum levels of lipid peroxidation and interleukin-6 in Gorgan

Background: There are limited studies on the relationship between inflammatory marker such as IL-6 and lipid peroxidation and metabolic syndrome. Objective: The aim of present study was to assess IL-6 and lipid peroxidation in subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome and their association with metabolic syndrome components. Methods: Age and gender matched 40 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 40 control groups took part in this study. Results: The mean malondialdehyde level was significantly higher in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome than control groups (P. <. 0.05). The mean level of IL-6 in men and the mean level of malondialdehyde in women with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than control groups (p <. 0.05). There were significant positive correlation between malondialdehyde and fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure (p <. 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher levels of IL-6 and malondialdehyde may cause insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in all subjects with metabolic syndrome. Malondialdehyde level shows strong association with some metabolic syndrome components. This means the greater risk of metabolic syndrome. © 2015

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in healthy blood donor of different ethnic groups in Gorgan

Introduction: Measure of liver enzymes may help to increase safety of blood donation for both blood donor and recipient. Determination of liver enzymes may prepare valuable clinical information. Aim: To assess serum γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activities in healthy blood donors in different ethnic groups in Gorgan. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 450 healthy male blood donors, in three ethnic groups (Fars, Sistanee and Turkman) who attended Gorgan blood transfusion center. Liver enzymes (GGT, ALT and AST) were determined. Results: Serum AST and ALT in three ethnic groups were significant except for serum GGT levels. There was significant correlation between family histories of liver disease and systolic blood pressure and AST in Fars, and GGT in Sistanee ethnic groups. Conclusion: Several factors, such as age, family history of diabetes mellitus, family history of liver disease and smoking habit have no effect on some liver enzymes in different ethnic groups in this area. Variation of AST, ALT, and GGT enzyme activities in healthy subjects is associated with some subjects in our study groups. According to our study, it suggests that screening of AST and GGT enzymes in subjects with family history of liver disease is necessary in different ethnic groups. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved

Age related metabolic syndrome among hemodialysis patients in Gorgan, Iran

People with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the age related metabolic syndrome of hemodialysis patients. The biochemical parameters and demographic information were registered. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly high in ages 50-59 and 60-69 years in hemodialysis patients when compared with other age groups (P< 0.05). There was elevated frequency of metabolic syndrome from age 50-59 and 40-49 years in male and female hemodialysis patients, respectively. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in female subjects (65.27%) was higher than male (47.14%, P<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high in ages 50-59 years in males and females. There was a significant difference in hemodialysis patients with metabolic syndrome in ages 50-59 years in males and from ages 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years in females (P< 0.05). Our results show that 25.71%, 18.57% and 2.86% males and 36.11%, 20.83% and 8.33% females had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. The results of this study showed that females patients were more affected than males. This may depended on the specific lifestyle alterations among females and males patients in this area. Marjani et al

Efektivitas Retting Embun Batang Kenaf oleh Jamur Pelapuk Putih Trametes Versicolor (L.) Lloyd

Retting embun kenaf menggunakan jamur pada kondisi aerob menjadi alternatif yang murah, mudah, dan lebih ramah lingkungan untuk menggantikan retting basah yang membutuhkan banyak air. Pada beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa spesies jamur pelapuk putih dan Rhizopus sp dapat digunakan untuk membantu proses retting pada tanaman serat batang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur efektivitas retting embun batang kenaf oleh jamur pelapuk putih Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd melalui perbandingan efektivitas retting embun oleh Rhizopus spp. dan retting basah, serta pengukuran karakter serat yang dihasilkan. Retting embun dilakukan dengan menginokulasikan biakan jamur pada 500 g batang kenaf berukuran panjang 25 cm yang telah dibasahi dan diinkubasikan selama 4 minggu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rendemen serat, efektivitas retting, warna, kehalusan, kebersihan, dan kadar selulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diantara perlakuan retting embun, jamur pelapuk putih menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi(4,77%), efektivitas tertinggi (77,68%), kehalusan serat sedang, dan serat terbersih. Konsorsium jamur T. versicolor dan inokulum jamur tempe hijau kehitaman menghasilkan serat dengan kadar selulosa tertinggi yaitu sebesar 57,97% dengan warna serat paling cerah. Seluruh serat yang dihasilkan mempunyai tingkat dan kisaran warna kekuningan dan kemerahan yang bervariasi. Perlakuan retting embun kenaf dengan inokulasi T. versicolor tanpa konsorsium merupakan perlakuan dengan efektivitas retting terbaik dengan kualitas serat mendekati hasil retting basah. Effectivity of Dew Retting of Kenaf Stem by White Rot Fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd Aerobic dew retting of kenaf using fungal becomes a cheap alternative, easy and has a less environmental impact to replace water retting method. In several studies that have been carried out, it has been shown that white rot fungus species can be used to assist the retting process of bast fiber plants. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of dew retting of kenaf stem by white rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd by comparing it with the effectiveness of dew retting by Rhizopus spp. and wet retting, as well as measuring thecharacter of the fiber produced. Dew retting was conducted by inoculating fungi cultures on moistened 500 g of 25 cm length kenaf stems and incubating them for 4 weeks. Fiber yield, retting effectivity, color, smoothness, cleanliness, and cellulose content were observed. The result shows that white rot fungus T.versicolor produced the highest fiber yield (4.77%), the highest efficiency (77.68%), medium fiber smoothness, and the cleanest fiber among dew retting treatments. Consortium of T. versicolor and blackish green tempeh inoculum produced fiber with the highest cellulose content (57.97%) and the brightest fiber color. All fiber produced has a yellowish and reddish color with varying levels and ranges. Kenaf dew retting treatment with T. versicolor inoculation without a consortium was the most effective dew retting treatment with fibers quality verge to the water retting yield

The effect of spatial learning on the number of astrocytes in the CA3 subfield of the rat hippocampus

Introduction: Astrocytes play an important role in the hippocampus, probably in memory and learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of astrocytes in the CA3 subfield of the rat hippocampus after spatial learning using the Morris water maze with reference and working memory methods. Methods: 45 male albino wistar rats were divided into three groups, with 15 rats in the control group and 15 rats in each of the other two groups. The two study groups of rats underwent spatial learning using the Morris water maze, with one group trained using the reference memory and the other, the working memory technique, respectively. After histological processing, the slides of the brains were stained with the phosphotanguestic acid haematoxylin staining method for detection of the astrocytes. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of astrocytes in the CA3 area between the control and reference memory groups. The difference between control and working memory groups was significant as well. Additionally, when comparing the two learning groups, we also found significant differences between them. Conclusion: The number of astrocytes increased due to spatial learning